What are the main climate change threats to urban areas?

The correct choice highlights the significant climate change threats that urban areas face, specifically extreme weather events, urban heat islands, and flooding.

Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heavy rainfall, and heatwaves, are becoming more common and intense due to climate change. These events pose direct risks to urban infrastructure, disrupt daily life, and can lead to substantial economic losses.

Urban heat islands refer to urban areas that become significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities. This phenomenon exacerbates heat-related health issues, increases energy demand for cooling, and can affect local climates, making cities even more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

Flooding is another major threat, especially in cities located near coastlines or riverbanks. The increasing frequency and severity of storms, combined with heavy rainfall and poor drainage systems, can lead to significant urban flooding, which damages property, disrupts transportation, and poses health risks.

Overall, these threats are particularly relevant to urban centers where populations are concentrated, critical infrastructure is located, and economic activities are dense, making it essential for planners to address them in strategies aimed at climate adaptation and resilience.