What is the purpose of an environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

The purpose of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is fundamentally centered on the evaluation of potential environmental effects of a proposed project. An EIA systematically examines the anticipated environmental consequences that a project may have during its construction and operational phases. This process is vital for identifying and mitigating negative impacts on a range of environmental factors, including air and water quality, biodiversity, and community health.

Through the EIA process, decision-makers can understand how a proposed project might alter the natural environment and local ecosystems, allowing them to make informed choices that balance development needs with environmental protection. The EIA is not primarily focused on promoting economic benefits, assessing aesthetic appeal, or streamlining construction approvals; rather, its core objective is to ensure that potential environmental harm is considered and addressed effectively. This proactive approach helps in fostering sustainable development practices and promoting responsible project planning.